A competition based on chance, in which numbered tickets are sold and prizes are given to the holders of numbers drawn at random; sometimes used as a means of raising money for public projects. Lotteries were first introduced in the Low Countries in the 15th century to raise funds for town fortifications and to help the poor. State-run lotteries are popular in many countries. But critics charge that these games promote addictive gambling behavior, exacerbate social inequalities by targeting lower-income individuals, and encourage the mismanagement of winnings. They argue that state officials are operating at cross-purposes with their broader responsibilities to protect the welfare of the citizens.
While many people who play the lottery realize that the odds are long and even know that they will probably lose most of their ticket purchases, there are some, especially those in lower socioeconomic groups, who believe that it is their only shot at getting ahead. These lottery players, despite the irrational and mathematically impossible odds, get a tremendous amount of value out of their tickets.
The history of state lotteries has followed a consistent pattern, with a few notable exceptions. Typically, the state legislates a monopoly for itself; establishes a state agency or public corporation to run it; begins operations with a modest number of relatively simple games; and, driven by the need for increasing revenues, progressively expands its portfolio of offerings. In the process, it has become increasingly difficult to distinguish the underlying policies from the growing array of specific features that have evolved in response to market forces.